Anaximander and the Apeiron

Anaximander (Ancient Greek: Ἀναξίμανδρος, Anaximandros) (c. 610 BC–c. 546 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus, a city of Ionia; Milet in modern Turkey. He belonged to the Milesian school and learned the teachings of his master Thales. He succeeded Thales and became the second master of that school where he counted Anaximenes and Pythagoras amongst his pupils.

From his phylosophy the Apeiron are generated in the first place "as otherwise" (hot/cold, wet/dry, etc.), ie the elements, since the nature of each element corresponds to a given quality (so the fire is hot, the water cold, etc.). In this sense, then, apeiron missing, as well as limitations, including quality from this substrate Aqualit born the four constituent elements of reality. It is no coincidence that the universe, everything is equipped with precise boundaries: the reality Unlimited (Apeiron) created all things and each of them becomes the limit with the rise of the rest.

Philolaus the largest Pythagoreans of the second genaration

Philolaus is one of the largest Pythagoreans of the second generation of the movement of earth's revolution around the central fire. For Philolaus there are 4 elements: fire, water, earth and air. These are changing and moving through it all. They form the Cosmos (animated, thinking, spherical) whose center is the earth (spherical, habited). The four elements are equal in the cosmos: light/dark, hot/cold and dry/wet.

The philosopher Bernardino Telesio

According to the philosophy of Bernardino Telesio from the principles that govern the life of nature are three. Agents operating in the universe in fact two principles - the hot and cold - they are able to perceive and be perceived. But the hot and cold need a third principle, this time liabilities, which exert their action: the body mass or matter. Neither the nature nor the staff body mass index are substantial, as neither the one nor the other can exist by itself (and this is the etymological meaning of the term substance). On the one hand, the principles of staff may not operate if they do not matter, because no principle immaterial - as are the hot and cold - can produce an effect without infuse into something material. On the other hand, body mass, in itself inert and shapeless (and only) was created by God to be formed, and continuously changing nature of the two agents. The three principles - hot, cold and body mass - are thus never separated.